Alkanethiols: Alkanethiol is a kind of active surfactant bearing a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a thiol group as a surface anchor.
Analogues: a compound with a molecular structure closely similar to that of another.
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Analyte: a substance whose chemical constituents are being identified and measured.
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Anisotropic: (of an object or substance) having a physical property that has a different value when measured in different directions. A simple example is wood, which is stronger along the grain than across it.
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ATP synthase: The ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane, where it catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, driven by a flux of protons across a gradient generated by electron transfer from the proton chemically positive to the negative side.
Bilayer: a film two molecules thick (formed, e.g., by lipids), in which each molecule is arranged with its hydrophobic end directed inward toward the opposite side of the film and its hydrophilic end directed outward.
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Cation: a positively charged ion, i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
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Colloid: a homogeneous noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultramicroscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance. Colloids include gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.
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CTAB: Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ; is a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
Cytotoxic: Cytotoxic refers to a substance or process which results in cell damage or cell death.
Cytotoxin: a substance toxic to cells.
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Disassociation products: in chemistry and biochemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into smaller particles such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.
Dispersion: in chemistry, mixture in which fine particles of one substance are scattered throughout another substance.
Electrostatic: relating to stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents.
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Glycols: an alcohol containing two hydroxyl groups in its molecule.
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In-vivo: (of a process) performed or taking place in a living organism.
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In-vitro: (of a process) performed or taking place in a test tube, culture dish, or elsewhere outside a living organism.
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Ion: an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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IR Light: Infrared, sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light.
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Ligand: an ion or molecule attached to a metal atom by coordinate bonding.
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Lipid bilayer: a two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid ends facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward.
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Lipid: any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
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Micelle: in physical chemistry, a loosely bound aggregation of several tens or hundreds of atoms, ions (electrically charged atoms), or molecules, forming a colloidal particle—i.e., one of a number of ultramicroscopic particles dispersed through some continuous medium.
Micromolar: A concentration of 1/1,000,000 (one millionth) molecular weight per liter (mol/L).
Mono dispersed: characterized by particles of uniform size in a dispersed phase.
Mono-layer: a layer one molecule thick.
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PEGylated: PEGylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG (polyethylene glycol) structure to another larger molecule.
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Polyethylene glycol (HS-PEG): Polyethylene glycol is a polyether compound with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
Polymer: a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together.
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Seed-mediated: The seed-mediated growth method is a typical example of heterogeneous nucleation processes. A typical seed-mediated growth process involves two steps: the synthesis of seed nanoparticles and their subsequent growth in growth solutions containing metal precursors, reducing reagents, and shape-directing reagents.
Surfectant: compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas and a liquid, or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants may act as detergents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, foaming agents and dispersants.
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Surface plasmon resonance: or SPR is an optical effect that can be utilized to measure the binding of molecules in real-time without the use of labels.
TEM: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.
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Thiol: an organic compound containing the group —SH, i.e. a sulfur-containing analog of an alcohol.
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